Neurological Institute Outcomes
Sleep Disorders
Behavioral Sleep Medicine
The Behavioral Sleep Medicine (BSM) Program at Cleveland Clinic's Sleep Disorders Center provides nonpharmacological treatment for those who suffer from sleep disorders. During the assessment phase, patients and their providers collaboratively develop a comprehensive treatment plan that will identify specific goals for treatment. Depending upon the presenting problem, treatment typically involves cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), which has extensive research support as an effective way to help people with chronic insomnia (CBT-I), circadian rhythm disorders, nightmare disorder, or difficulty acclimating to positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy for obstructive sleep apnea. The BSM program is active in research investigating clinical care models for insomnia and outcome data, and collaborating with several researchers in the Sleep Disorders Center as well as academic medical centers across the country. In addition to patient care and research, the BSM program is committed to training and education by sponsoring an accredited postdoctoral fellowship in behavioral sleep medicine.
Clinical Population: Behavioral Sleep Medicine
2022 - 2023
ESS = Epworth Sleepiness Scale, ISI = Insomnia Severity Index, PHQ-9 = Patient Health Questionnaire, PROMIS = Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System
542 patients had at least two visits from 2022-2023 with ESS data available for analysis. Among those patients whose baseline ESS score ≥ 10 (N=145), 42.1% (N=61) improved, 50.3% (N=73 remained stable, and 7.6% (N=11) worsened. Median duration of follow-up was 145 (range, 2-696 days). Clinically meaningful change was defined as a total point change of 3, based on one-half the standard deviation.¹
542 patients had at least two visits from 2022-2023 with ISI data available for analysis. Among those patients whose baseline ISI score ≥ 10 (N=488), 57.6% (N=281) improved, 33.2% (N=162) remained stable, and 9.2% (N=45) worsened. Median duration of follow-up was 125 (range, 2-718 days). Clinically meaningful change was defined as a total point change of 3, based on one-half the standard deviation. ¹
603 patients had at least two visits from 2022-2023 with PHQ-9 data available for analysis. Among those patients whose baseline PHQ-9 score ≥ 10 (N=225), 40% (N=90) improved, 55.1% (N=124) remained stable, and 4.9 (N=11) worsened. Median duration of follow-up was 291 (range, 19-718 days). Clinically meaningful change was defined as total point change of 5, based on one-half the standard deviation.¹
528 patients had at least two visits from 2022-2023 with PROMIS Mental Health data available for analysis. Among those patients whose baseline PROMIS Mental Health score ≤ 45 (N=313), 33.5% (N=105) improved, 58.1% (N=182) remained stable, and 8.3% (N=11) worsened. Median duration of follow-up was 371 (range, 6-716 days). Clinically meaningful change was defined as a 5-point change in T-score, based on one-half the standard deviation.¹
522 patients had at least two visits from 2022-2023 with PROMIS Physical Health data available for analysis. Among those patients whose baseline PROMIS Physical Health score ≤ 45 (N=293), 34.5% (N=101) improved, 58% (N=170) remained stable, and 7.5% (N=22) worsened. Median duration of follow-up was 361 (range, 12-724 days). Clinically meaningful change was defined as a 5-point change in T-score, based on one-half the standard deviation.¹
577 patients had at least two visits from 2022-2023 with PROMIS Sleep Disturbance data available for analysis. Among those patients whose baseline PROMIS Sleep Disturbance score ≥ 55 (N=454), 51.5% (N=234) improved, 41% (N=186) remained stable, and 7.5% (N=34) worsened. Median duration of follow-up was 154 (range, 22-704 days). Clinically meaningful change was defined as a 5-point change in T-score, based on one-half the standard deviation.¹
269 patients had at least two visits from 2022-2023 with Sleep Time data available for analysis. Among those patients who self-reported a baseline Sleep Time ≤ 24 hours (N=269), 38.3% (N=103) improved, 39.4% (N=106) remained stable, and 22.3% (N=60) worsened. Median duration of follow-up was 231 (range, 1-712 days). Clinically meaningful change was defined as a total point change of 1, based on one-half the standard deviation.¹
